中国人民银行关于重新颁布《中国人民银行关于外资金融机构在中国设立常驻代表机构的管理办法》的通知(附英文)
中国人民银行
中国人民银行关于重新颁布《中国人民银行关于外资金融机构在中国设立常驻代表机构的管理办法》的通知(附英文)
中国人民银行
中国人民银行上海、天津、广东、浙江、江苏、辽宁、深圳、大连、青岛、武汉、厦门、珠海、汕头、海南、南通、宁波省、市分行：
现将《中国人民银行关于外资金融机构在中国设立常驻代表机构的管理办法》发给你行，请遵照执行。一九八三年二月一日公布的《中国人民银行关于侨资外资金融机构在中国设立常驻代表机构的管理办法》同时废止。
请你行将此《管理办法》转发给所在地的各外资金融机构代表处。
关于外资金融机构的联络处、办事处更改为代表处的问题，请各联络处、办事处到当地工商行政管理局办理新的一年登记手续时一并办理。
附：关于重新颁布《中国人民银行关于外资金融机构在中国设立常驻代表机构的管理办法》的说明（略）
附：中国人民银行关于外资金融机构在中国设立常驻代表机构的管理办法
第一条 根据《中华人民共和国国务院关于管理外国企业常驻代表机构的暂行规定》，为规范对外资金融机构在中国常驻代表机构（以下简称“常驻代表机构”）的管理，制定本办法。
第二条 本办法所称外资金融机构系指外国资本的银行、证券公司、投资公司、保险公司、财务公司、信用卡公司、金融性租赁公司。
第三条 常驻代表机构是其总管理机构的派出机构，称为“×××代表处”。代表处的主要负责人称首席代表，其他人员称代表、顾问、助理、秘书。
第四条 中国人民银行是常驻代表机构的审批、管理机关。外资金融机构可按本办法向中国人民银行申请在中国境内开放城市设立常驻代表机构。
第五条 外资金融机构申请在中国境内开放城市设立常驻代表机构，须向中国人民银行提交下列申请材料：
一、申请单位总管理机构董事长或总经理签署的致中国人民银行行长的申请书；
二、申请单位所在国或地区有关当局出具的开业合法证书或营业执照的副本（或影印件）；
三、申请单位总管理机构的组织章程、董事会或类似组织的名单；
四、申请单位最近三年的年报；
五、中国人民银行要求的其他资料。
前款所列除第四项外，凡用外文书写的，都须附具中文译本。
外资金融机构在北京设立常驻代表机构，须将申请材料提交中国人民银行总行；申请在北京以外的其他城市设立常驻代表机构，须将申请材料提交当地中国人民银行分行，由其审核后上报中国人民银行总行。
第六条 中国人民银行收到外资金融机构的申请材料后，在三个月内确认是否接受其申请，若接受其申请，则发给《外资金融机构在中国设立常驻代表机构申请表》；超过三个月未得到中国人民银行确认的，申请自行失效。
外资金融机构收到中国人民银行发给的《外资金融机构在中国设立常驻代表机构申请表》后，须在两个月内将填写好的该表连同由其董事长或总经理签署的常驻代表机构首席代表的授权书、首席代表和代表的简历，一并提交中国人民银行总行审批。
中国人民银行总行批准外资金融机构在中国设立常驻代表机构后，发给批准证书。
第七条 获准在中国设立常驻代表机构的外资金融机构，须按照中国有关规定，持中国人民银行颁发的批准证书到常驻代表机构所在地的工商行政管理部门和公安部门办理登记手续和工作人员及其家属的居留手续，并到当地的国家专业银行开立帐户和税务部门办理税务登记手续。
第八条 常驻代表机构的工作范围是：咨询、联络、市场调查等非营利性工作。常驻代表机构在工作中，不得为其总部或分支机构（包括设在中国境内的分支机构）办理经营性业务。
第九条 常驻代表机构更换首席代表，须向中国人民银行总行提交其总管理机构董事长或总经理签署的申请书和对新任首席代表的授权书及新任首席代表的简历，由中国人民银行总行批准。
设在北京的常驻代表机构更换或增加代表、助理、外籍和港澳工作人员，须向中国人民银行总行提交其总管理机构主管部门负责人签署的申请书和被任命人的简历，由中国人民银行总行批准。
设在北京以外城市的常驻代表机构更换或增加代表、助理、外籍和港澳工作人员，须向当地中国人民银行分行提交其总管理机构主管部门负责人签署的申请书和被任命人员的简历，由当地中国人民银行分行批准，并由其报中国人民银行总行备案。
第十条 常驻代表机构雇用中国外事服务单位推荐的中国境内公民担任顾问、秘书、翻译和一般工作人员，须将被雇用中国公民的名单和简历报中国人民银行总行或当地分行备案，未履行备案手续者，不得从事常驻代表机构的工作。
第十一条 常驻代表机构变更名称，须向中国人民银行提交由其总管理机构董事长或总经理签署的申请函，经中国人民银行总行批准后，持批准证书到当地工商行政管理部门办理变更登记手续。
第十二条 常驻代表机构迁移办公地址，须向中国人民银行提交由常驻代表机构负责人签署的申请函，经中国人民银行批准后，持批准证书到当地工商行政管理部门办理变更登记手续。
设在北京的常驻代表机构迁移办公地址，报中国人民银行总行批准。设在北京以外城市的常驻代表机构迁移办公地址，报当地中国人民银行分行批准。
第十三条 常驻代表机构的首席代表需常驻中国主持日常工作。首席代表离开中国一个月以上或因故不能常驻中国主持日常工作，应事先指定专人代行其职责，并将此项指定文件寄送中国人民银行总行或当地中国人民银行分行备案。
第十四条 常驻代表机构须于每年二月底前向中国人民银行报送上一年度的工作报告。该报告须按中国人民银行规定的报表格式用中文填写，其内容须真实地反映常驻代表机构在中国的工作情况。
设在北京的常驻代表机构，其报告报送中国人民银行总行。设在北京以外城市的常驻代表机构，其报告报送当地中国人民银行分行，由其转报中国人民银行总行。
第十五条 外资金融机构撤销常驻代表机构，须提前向中国人民银行提交由其总管理机构出具的申请书，经中国人民银行总行批准后，到有关部门办理注销手续。常驻代表机构的一切未了事宜，由其总管理机构承担责任。
第十六条 中国人民银行总行负责对设在北京的常驻代表机构进行监督、检查和管理，对设在北京以外城市的常驻代表机构，中国人民银行总行授权当地中国人民银行分行对其进行监督、检查和管理。
第十七条 常驻代表机构必须遵守中国的法律、法规和本办法。对违反本办法的常驻代表机构，中国人民银行总行和当地分行有权对其进行处理。
第十八条 本办法适用于对在香港、澳门、台湾地区注册的金融机构设立常驻代表机构的管理。
第十九条 本办法自公布之日起施行。中国人民银行一九八三年二月颁布的《中国人民银行关于侨资外资金融机构在中国设立常驻代表机构的管理办法》同时废止。
Measures of the People's Bank of China on Control of the Estab-lishment of Resident Representative Offices in China by Foreign BankingInstitutions
(Promulgated for Implementation on June 11, 1991, unvaldated onApril 29, 1996)
Whole Doc.
Article 1
These Measures are formulated for the purpose of regulating the
control of resident representative offices in China of foreign banking
institutions (hereinafter referred to as resident representative offices),
in accordance with the Interim Provisions of the State Council of the
People's Republic of China for the Control of Resident Representative
Offices of Foreign Enterprises.
Article 2
Foreign banking institutions mentioned in these Measures refer to
foreign capital banks, securities companies, investment companies,
insurance companies, financial companies, credit card companies and
financial leasing companies.
Article 3
A resident representative office is an agency of its head office,
called the "such-and-such Representative Office". Its principal member in
charge is called chief representative and other members are called
representatives, advisers, assistants or secretaries.
Article 4
The People's Bank of China (PBC) is the agency in charge of matters
of examination and approval and of control in connection with resident
representative offices. Foreign banking institutions can apply to PBC for
establishment of resident representative offices in the open cities of
China in accordance with these Measures.
Article 5
A foreign banking institution which applies for establishment of a
resident representative office in China's open cities must submit to PBC
the following documents and materials for the application:
(1) written application signed by chairman of the board of directors
or president of the head office of the applying institution and addressed
to the President of the People's Bank of China;
(2) a copy (or photocopy) of the license to do business or of the
business registration certificate issued by the pertinent authorities of
the country or region where the applicant institution is located;
(3) the articles of association of the applying institution's head
office and list of members of its board of directors or other similar
bodies;
(4) annual reports of the applying institution of the last 3 years;
(5) other documents and materials as PBC may require.
Except for the foregoing item (4), all documents and materials listed
in the above paragraphs originally written in foreign languages must have
their Chinese translations attached.
A foreign banking institution applying to set up a resident
representative office in Beijing must submit its application documents and
materials to the Head Office of PBC while an application for the
establishment of such an office in other cities shall be submitted to the
local branches of PBC which, after examination of the applicant's paper,
shall report to the PBC Head Office.
Article 6
PBC, within 3 months of receiving the application papers from a
foreign banking institution, shall decide whether to accept its
application or not. If an application is accepted, the applicant shall be
issued a "Form of Application for Establishing Resident Representative
Office in China". If no confirmation has been received from PBC after the
three-months period, the application is deemed automatically invalidated.
A foreign banking institution must, within 2 months of receiving the
"Form of Application for Establishing Resident Representative Offices in
China" from PBC, submit to its Head Office for examination and approval
the filled out Form, together with the certificate of authority signed by
the applicant's chairman of the board of directors or president for the
chief representative of the resident representative office and the
personal resumes of the chief and other representatives.
The Head Office of PBC, after approving the establishment in China of
a resident representative office of a foreign banking institution, shall
issue a certificate of approval to the applicant.
Article 7
Having obtained permission to set up a resident representative office
in China, the foreign banking institution must, in conformity with
relevant regulations of the country, go to the industrial and commercial
administrative office and public security office of the locality of the
resident representative office to present the certificate of approval
issued by PBC and perform the procedures of business registration and
residence registration for its staff members and their relatives. It shall
also open a bank account with a local state specialized bank and perform
tax registration procedures at the local tax office.
Article 8
The work of a resident representative office falls within the scope
of non-profit activities such as consultation, liaison and market
investigation. In its performance of duties, the resident representative
office is not allowed to engage in business operations on behalf of its
home institution's head office or agencies, including those in China.
Article 9
For a change of the chief representative of the resident
representative office, it must present to the Head Office of PBC a letter
requesting approval of the change signed by the chairman of its board of
directors or president and the documents authorizing the appointment of a
new chief representative and giving a resume of his biography. The change
has to be approved by the PBC Head Office.
For and addition to or a change in the representatives, assistants
and employees of foreign nationalities or from Hong Kong and Macao in the
Beijing based resident representative office, it must present to the Head
Office of PBC a letter requesting approval of such personnel changes
signed by the officer in charge of the pertinent department of its head
office and personal resumes of the newly appointed personnel, the
personnel changes have to be approved by the PBC Head Office.
For similar personnel changes in resident representative offices in
other cities than Beijing, the offices concerned must present the same
kinds of documents as in the case of Beijing based office to the local
branches of PBC, which shall approve the requested personnel changes and
report them to the PBC Head Office for record.
Article 10
For employment of Chinese citizens inside the country to work as
advisers, secretaries, translators or ordinary workers at the
recommendation of Chinese foreign affairs service units, the resident
representative office must report to the Head Office or local branches of
PBC the name list of the employed Chinese citizens and their resumes for
record. Those whose employment is not reported for the record are not
allowed to work for the resident representative office.
Article 11
For a change of its name, the resident representative office must
present to PBC a letter requesting approval of the change signed by the
chairman of the board of directors or president of its head office. On
obtaining approval by the Head Office of PBC, the resident representative
office shall present the certificate of approval to the local industrial
and commercial administrative office and perform the formalities for a
change in the registration.
Article 12
For a change of office location, the resident representative office
shall present to PBC a letter requesting approval signed by its officer in
charge. On obtaining approval by PBC, the resident representative office
shall present the certificate of approval to the local industrial and
commercial administrative office and perform for formalities for a change
in the registration.
For a change of office location, the resident representative office
based in Beijing shall report to the Head Office of PBC for approval while
resident representative offices located in other cities shall report to
the local branches of PBC for approval.
Article 13
The chief representative of a resident representative office should
reside in China to take charge of its routine work. If the chief
representative leaves China for more than 1 month or if he is unable to
regularly stay in China to take charge of its routine work, he should
appoint in advance a special person to act for him and send the letter of
appointment to the Head Office of PBC or a local branch of PBC for record.
Article 14
Resident representative offices shall, before the end of February
each year, present to PBC reports of their work in the previous year. The
reports must be made in Chinese in the forms specified by PBC, and truly
reflect the offices' work in China.
The resident representative office in Beijing should send its report
to the Head Office of PBC while the resident representative offices in
other cities should send their reports to the local branches of PBC which
will forward the reports to their Head Office.
Article 15
If a foreign banking institution decides to withdraw its resident
representative office in China, it must present in advance a letter
requesting approval signed by its head office to PBC. With approval from
the Head Office of PBC, it shall proceed with the cancellation of
registration at the relevant office. It's head office shall bear
responsibility for any unsettled matters the resident representative
office involved in.
Article 16
The Head Office of the PBC is responsible for the supervision,
inspection and regulation of the resident representative office stationed
in Beijing while it authorizes its branches to exercise supervision,
inspection and regulation of the local resident representative offices in
other cities.
Article 17
The resident representative offices must abide by Chinese laws and
regulations and these Measures. If a resident representative o ffice
violates these Measures, the Head Office of PBC and its local branches
have the right to take up the matter with the resident representative
office involved in.
Article 18
These Measures are applicable to the banking institutions registered
in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan for their establishment of resident
representative offices.
Article 19
These Measures shall go into effect on the day they are promulgated.
At the same time, the Measures of the People's Bank of China for Controls
Relating to Establishing Resident Representative Office in China by
Overseas Chinese and Foreign Banking Institutions promulgated in February,
1983 are annulled.
1991年6月4日
行纪合同和居间合同的比较
行纪合同、居间合同与商品经济的发展有着密切的联系，早在罗马法对行纪就作了规定，当时行纪只是委托的一种，随着信托业的发展，产生了独立从事行纪业务的行纪组织，在欧洲中世纪由于国际贸易的兴起，行纪制度相应地较为发达。居间是一种古老的商业现象，在古希腊时代即已出现，当时无论任何人都可以自由地从事居间活动，及至中世纪居间人发生了变化，具有了公职性质、官营性质，带有垄断性。“行纪”、“居间”这类名称和实际活动在我国历史上很早也已出现，自汉代以来出现了经营行纪，从事居间活动的行纪人、居间人，民间将其组织、营业场所称为“牙行”，旧中国民法对行纪、居间进行了规定。新中国成立以后，行纪业、居间业曾一度有所发展，但很快因政治运动而日趋衰微，直至改革开放以后，随着市场经济的发展，行纪业、居间业才又兴盛起来，信托投资公司、证券公司、各类中介服务机构等不断设立。然而我国八十年代颁布实施的三部合同法没有关于行纪合同、居间合同的规定，行纪合同、居间合同只作为无名合同而存在，使之在现实生活中缺乏必要的法律指引和规范。为改变这种局面，新合同法适应历史的要求在分则部分设专章对行纪合同和居间合同作了规定。
新合同法第414条、第424条对行纪合同、居间合同作了定义：“行纪合同是行纪人以自己的名义为委托人从事贸易活动，委托人支付报酬的合同”，“居间合同是居间人向委托人报告订立合同的机会或提供订立合同的媒介服务，委托人支付报酬的合同”。从定义不难看出两类合同有相类似之处。
首先，行纪合同和居间合同均为提供服务的合同。委托人与行纪人、居间人订立合同是基于互信关系，委托人可以利用行纪人的资产、信用、交易关系及有关业务知识，利用居间人的信息资料、业务经验及相关知识。行纪人与第三人直接发生法律关系，为委托人的利益办理贸易业务，居间人作为中介人也是为委托人作成交易服务。1995年10月26日国家工商行政管理局发布的《经纪人管理办法》曾将行纪人、居间人统称为经纪人。
其次，行纪合同、居间合同均为双务、有偿、诺成、不要式合同。行纪人负有为委托人办理买卖或其他商事交易的义务，居间人负有向委托人报告订约机会或提供订约媒介的义务，委托人依双方订立的合同负有向行纪人、居间人支付一定报酬的义务，合同双方的义务相互对应，同时行纪人、居间人完成事务有权收取报酬，即为有偿，双方的利益具有对价关系，故行纪合同、居间合同为双务有偿合同。行纪合同、居间合同均只需双方当事人之间的意思表示一致即告成立，无须为实际履行，也无须有特别的方式，因而是诺成合同，不要式合同。
再次，行纪人、居间人都有忠实于委托人利益的义务。行纪人、居间人就自己所为的行纪活动、居间行为应当遵守诚实信用的原则，行纪人与第三人为法律行为时，应当充分考虑到委托人的利益，选择对委托人最有利的条件，通常应亲自办理并尽善良管理人的注意。居间人按照其办理的事务可分为报告居间人和媒介居间人，但不论是哪种居间人都应将所知道的有关订约情况或商业信息如实告诉委托人，不得对订立合同实施不利影响或损害委托人的利益，在媒介居间中还应对于委托人与第三人之间的障碍加以说合克服，尽力促成签订合同。
第四，行纪合同、居间合同的主体都具有限定性。行纪人只能是经批准经营行纪业务的法人或公民，未经法定手续批准或核准不能成为行纪合同的行纪人。居间活动有着二重性，既可以促进交易，繁荣市场，但如果处理不当也有可能干扰正常的经济秩序，败坏社会风气，因而居间人必须是取得居间人资格并经核准具备从事居间活动条件的法人、公民。而且行纪、居间属于特殊行业，行纪人、居间人只能在核准、登记的经营范围内从事行纪、居间活动。
行纪合同和居间合同有共同点，但作为两类不同的合同又有着严格的区别。
第一，办理事务的范围不同。在我国行纪业务主要包括办理购销货物、寄售商品和有价证券的买卖等业务，行纪行为属于动产和有价证券买卖等商事行为。居间的业务范围较广，除法律禁止交易的事项以及国家管理的未允许放开市场经营的重要生产资料和部分生活资料以外，均可以进行居间服务。关于婚姻中介，婚姻关系不能简单地理解为一种合同关系，因而婚姻介绍不属于居间的业务范围，应由相应的法律法规进行调整。
第二，合同的标的不同。所谓标的即合同的权利，义务所指向的对象。行纪合同中行纪人为委托人提供的服务不是一般的劳务，而是行纪人与第三人发生法律关系，为一定的法律行为，该法律行为的实施是委托人与行纪人订立行纪合同的目的所在，故行纪合同的标的是行纪人为委托人进行一定的法律行为。居间合同的标的是居间人为委托人进行一定的事实行为，居间人为委托人提供特定的劳务即报告订约机会或提供订立合同的媒介服务，居间人所办理的事务本身并不具有法律意义，而行纪合同中行纪人受托的事务是法律行为，这正是行纪合同与居间合同本质上的区别。
第三，与第三人的关系不同。由上述本质区别必须引申出二类合同中行纪人与第三人的关系、居间人与第三人的关系，两种关系上存在着很大的差别。合同法第421条规定“行纪人与第三人订立合同时，行纪人对该合同直接享有权利、承担义务”，行纪人与第三人的合同关系相对于行纪合同本身来说是外部法律关系，根据合同的相对性规则，行纪人与第三人的合同关系只能发生在特定的合同当事人之间，即发生在行纪人和第三人之间，尽管行纪人与第三人之间的法律关系所生的权利义务最终归属于委托人，行纪人与第三人订立合同也应充分考虑委托人的利益，但是委托人对行纪人和第三人之间的合同无权干涉，行纪人对合同直接享有权利和承担义务。在第三人不履行与行纪人的合同中所约定的义务时，该义务的不履行所带来的不利后果应由行纪人承受，如行纪人不能对此不利后果及时弥补而最终给委托人带来损害的，委托人有权依据与行纪人之间的合同向行纪人主张损害赔偿责任，当然行纪人与委托人另有约定的除外。居间合同中，无论是报告居间还是媒介居间，居间人并不参与委托人与第三人的合同关系，其在交易中仅是一个中介人，既不为交易的当事人一方或其代理人，也不直接参与交易双方的谈判，在决定交易双方的权利义务内容上并不体现居间人的意见，合同的权利义务在委托人与第三人之间设定、产生，居间人没有将处理事务的后果移交给委托人和向委托人汇报所为行为的始末经过的义务。但合同法第425条规定了“居间人应当就有关订立合同的事项向委托人如实报告”，居间人违反该义务，故意提供虚假情况，致使委托人利益受到损害的应承担损害赔偿责任。
第四，“介入”不同。行纪人在一定条件下有介入权，居间人在特定情形下承担介入义务。合同法第419条规定了行纪人的介入权，即行纪人接受委托买卖有市场定价的商品时，除委托人有反对的意思表示外，行纪人自己可以作为出卖人或买受人的权利。行纪人的介入权是法律规定的结果，是一种形成权，使委托人和行纪人之间产生了买卖合同，从缔约程序的角度讲可以认为委托人的委托就是要约，行纪人的自行交易就是承诺。一般情况下为保障行纪人为委托人的利益活动行纪人不得自行交易即介入。委托人的自行交易需要一定的条件：首先行纪合同合法存在，其次行纪人卖出或者买入的商品采用市场定价，再次委托人没有不允许自行交易的意思表示。在这样的条件下行纪人的自行交易不会损害委托人的利益，同样实现了委托人的经济目的，达到了效益最优化。在媒介居间中如果委托人一方或双方指定居间人不得将其姓名、商号、名称告知对方，居间人根据诚实信用原则有保密义务，由此居间人产生为委托人隐名的义务，这种居间称为隐名居间。在隐名居间这种情形下，对于委托人依据与相对人的合同应承担的义务，在一定条件下由居间人以履行辅助人的身份负履行义务，并领受对方当事人所为的给付。因此，只有在保护隐名委托人利益的前提下才有居间人的介入义务，而不存在居间人基于特定情形主张介入的权利。
第五，取得报酬的时间不同。合同法第422条、第426条分别规定了行纪人、居间人的报酬请求权。行纪合同中，行纪人与第三人订立了合同，该合同得到了履行，行纪人将第三人履行的标的物移交给委托人，行纪人有权要求委托人依合同约定或交易习惯给付报酬，即行纪人取得报酬的时间是行纪人与第三人的合同得到履行且履行的标的物交付给委托人时。居间合同中，居间人履行了居间义务，报告居间的情况下居间人有权向委托人主张报酬，媒介居间的情况下居间人的报酬应由订立合同的双方当事人负担，居间人取得报酬的时间是居间人促成委托人与第三人订立合同时，并不要求合同得到了履行。
第六，必要费用的负担不同。合同法第415条规定，行纪人处理委托事务支出的费用由行纪人负担。行纪费用的负担不同国家和地区的立法规定不同，我国法律考虑到委托人支付的报酬中往往已包含了行纪人处理委托事务支出的费用，故规定除当事人另有约定的以外由行纪人负担。但从合同法有关委托人支付报酬的条文来看，若行纪人完全没有完成委托事务则无权向委托人主张报酬，即行纪人处理委托事务的费用也自行负担。与此相反，合同法第427条规定“居间人未促成合同成立的，不得请求支付报酬，但可以要求委托人支付从事居间活动支出的必要费用”。合同法这样规定是考虑到商业机会有限，多数居间人不可能经常促成合同的成立，为了促进居间业的发展，虽然居间未取得成果，受托人不能得到报酬，但是在从事居间活动中支出的必要费用可以请求委托人支付。
（镇江市京口区人民法院 邱凯 仲亚励）
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